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क़ाफ़िया शब्दकोश

तीस हज़ार से अधिक ग़ज़लों में प्रयुक्त काफ़ियों का पहला ऑन लाइन शब्दकोश

Learn how to use Qaafiya Dictionary

Qaafiyaa is an essential component in a Ghazal and creates its rhyming pattern.
While in English, the rhymes are rather simple and are classified based...

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इल्म-ए-अरूज़

इल्म-ए-अरूज़ का संबंध किसी शेर का वज़्न और उसका मौज़ूँ (लय-बद्ध) होना, न होना मालूम करने से है। अरूज़ (छंद-विधान) के तहत शेरों के कुछ ख़ास वज़्न तय किए गए हैं जिनमें से हर वज़्न को बह़र कहा जाता है। हर बह़र कुछ विशेष हिस्सों से मिलकर बनती है जिन्हें अरकान (एकवचन-रूक्न) कहा जाता है। शेर का वज़्न जानने के लिए इन्हीं अरकान का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। वज़्न जानने के लिए किसी शेर को उसके अरकान में तोड़ कर देखने को 'तक़्तीअ' कहते है।

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अध्याय 1

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  • Introduction

    Qaafiyaa is an essential component in a Ghazal and creates its rhyming pattern.
    While in English, the rhymes are rather simple and are classified based on no of syllables, in Urdu the rhymes are a bit more involved as is explained later.

    koii ummiid bar nahii.n aatii
    koii suurat nazar nahii.n aatii

    maut kaa ek din muayyan hai
    niind kyu.n raat bhar nahii.n aatii

    aage aatii thii haal-e-dil pe ha.nsi
    ab kisii baat par nahii.n aatii

    jaantaa hu.n savaab-e-taa.at-o-zohd
    par tabii.at idhar nahii.n aati

    In most ghazals, the matla (i.e. first sher of the ghazal) has qaafiyaa in both lines (misras). Thereafter the qaafiyaa is essential in the second misra of each sher.
    In the above ghazal, the first sher is the matla and the qaafiyaa are highlighted : bar, nazar, bhar, par, idhar

    Rekhta Qaafiyaa Dictionary is an online tool which enables one to find similar sounding qaafiyas for the given word. This is primarily meant for aspiring poets and can also be a reference for established poets.

  • How to use Qaafiyaa Dictionary

    The search results are presented based on rhyming pattern and on their weight (which is critical in Urdu poetry)

    1) RHYMING PATTERN:

    Search results of similar rhyming words will be broadly divided into categories based on the rhyming pattern of the searched word.


    • Exact
    • close
    • Open


    example FOR THE WORD

    SAAQIYAA

    • Exact qaafiyas will be “Daakiyaa”, “vaaqiyaa”, etc (ending with –aaqiyaa)
    • Close qaafiyas will be “piyaa”, “ziyaa”, “shukriyaa”, “marsiyaa”, “auliyaa” etc (ending with –iyaa)
    • Open qaafiyas will be “fazaa”, “KHafaa”, “jho.nkaa”, “aa.inaa”, “muqaabalaa” etc (ending with –aa)

    i) WEIGHT:

    Results are segregated according to their weight

  • To understand how to calculate weight

    The basic units in the calculation of weight of a word: syllables, and letters.
    Words are made of syllables, and syllables are made of letters.
    In word “baat” – “baa” & “t” are syllables while “b”, “a”, “a” and “t” are letters.

    A Syllable can have weight of either 2 or 1.

    A syllable has a weight of 2 in two cases

    i) when it is composed of a consonant and a long vowel – such as “baa” in “baat”, “gii” in “giit”, “nuu” in “nuur”
    ii) when it is composed of two consonants and a small vowel such as “bar” in “bartan”, “kis” in “kismat”, “gul” in “gulshan”

    A syllable has a weight of 1 in two cases

    i) when it is composed of one consonant - such as “t” in “baat”, “d” in “dard”
    ii) when it is composed of one consonant and one vowel - such as “ka” in “kalam”

    example

    word “baat” has weight of : 21
    Baa
    2
    t
    1

    word “Kalaam” has weight of : 121
    ka
    1
    laa
    2
    m
    1

    word “dard” has weight of : 21
    Dar
    2
    d
    1



    To understand weight of the words more clearly, take below example:

    • “baat (21)”, “raat (21), “salaat (121)” can be used together in one Ghazal,
    • “baat (21)”, “raat (21), “barsaat (221)” can also be used together in one Ghazal,
    But
    • “salaat (121)” and “barsaat (221)” cannot be used in same Ghazal

    Except in certain cases, as is done by advanced poets by combining the dissonant sound with its previous sound. This is not a subject for the Qaafiyaa Dictionary.

  • Guidelines for Qaafiyaa selection

    As in indicated earlier, qaafiyaa can be exact, nearby or open. This is clearly mentioned in the search results.
    The selection of a set of qaafiyas for a ghazal is closely linked to the matla (first sher of the ghazal).The same type of qaafiyaa (exact or close or open) that is used in the matla should follow in the rest of the misras.

    1) Example of Exact Qaafiyaa:

    If matla is...

    ab kyaa soche.n kyaa haalat the kis kaaran ye zahr piyaa hai
    hum ne us ke shahr ko chhoDaa aur aankho.n ko mund liyaa hai

    As we can see above sher that both misras has used qaafiyas which has rhyming pattern of --yaa thus all other qaafiyas in the ghazal will follow this pattern such as:

    piyaa, liyaa, kiyaa, liyaa ,jiyaa, diyaa

    2) Example of close Qaafiyaa:

    If matla is...

    aa.ina samne rakhoge to yaad aa.u.ngaa
    apni zulfon ko sanwaroge to yaad aaunga

    As we can see above sher that both misras has used qaafiyas which has rhyming pattern of --oge, thus all other qaafiyas in the ghazal will follow this pattern such as:

    KHaridoge, chaahoge, baiThoge, bhigoge, nikaloge, guzroge

    3) Example of open Qaafiyaa:

    If matla is...

    aadmii aadmii se miltaa hai
    dil magar kam kisii se miltaa hai

    As we can see above sher that both misras has used qaafiyas which has rhyming pattern of --ii, thus all other qaafiyas in the ghazal will follow this pattern such as:

    Saadgii, hansii, KHush-qaamatii, be-KHuudii, ham-saaegii

    If the matla is not written first then, the poet should take care that the above rules are followed for the matla based on the qaafiyas used in other shers.

  • Features

    For the convenience of users, the Rekhta Qaafiyaa Dictionary has following additional features

    1) Qaafiyaa can be seen in three different scripts – Persian, Devanagari and Roman.
    2) By clicking on any word you can see -

    • the meaning of the word
    • weight of the word
    • list of shers where such word has been used as a qaafiyaa
    • you can see full ghazal of such listed shers
    • list of other qaafiyas used by a poet in a ghazal with the search word qaafiyaa

    Note

    This is the Beta version of Qaafiyaa Dictionary; A pool of around 11,000 qaafiyaa words from 30,000 Ghazals have been provided.

    This is the beta version of the Rekhta Qaafiya Dictionary. It has some errors & taqtii mistakes. If you notice any, please click on the word & inform us through “REPORT” button.

    We welcome your feedback & suggestions.

Jashn-e-Rekhta | 2-3-4 December 2022 - Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, Near India Gate, New Delhi

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