aaj ik aur baras biit gayā us ke baġhair
jis ke hote hue hote the zamāne mere
غزل گوئی میں امیر خسرو کے پیش رو سعدی شیرازی ہیں ۔ آپ کی شاعری کا شباب عین اس وقت شروع ہوا جب سعدی اپنا شباب گزار چکے تھے۔ سعدی ، شیراز میں بیٹھے ہوئے غزل سرائی کر تے ہیں اور یہاں دہلی میں اہل ذوق ان کی شعر نوائی سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں ، چنانچہ خسرو نے بھی غزل گوئی میں شیخ سعدی کی پیر وی کی۔ اس وجہ سے آپ کو طوطی ہند کا لقب ملا۔ امیر خسرو صرف مقلد نہیں تھے۔ انہوں نے غزل میں بعض نئی باتیں بھی پیدا کی ہیں سعدی نے غزل کے مزاج کے مطابق اسے زبان دی اور اس کے دامن کو پھیلا یا۔ اس لئے انہیں غزل کا امام کہا جاتا ہے لیکن ان کے غزلیات میں جذبات کی گرمی اور سوزو گداز کی تڑپ کم ہے۔ امیر خسرو نے اس کمی کو پورا کیا ہے۔ غزل کی روح کیا ہے۔ سوزوگداز ، جزبات واحساسات ، عشق ومحبت ، واردات قلبی ، محبوب کی بے نیازی ، ناز آفرینی ، عاشق کی نیاز مندی اور خاکساری ، فراق کی اذیتیں ، جزبات کی گرمی ، احساسات کی شورش ، جوش وحرارت جو کہ غزل کی خصوصیات ہیں ، ان کی غزلوں میں موجود ہیں۔ انہوں نے ہر صنف شعر، مثنوی، قصیدہ، غزل، اردو دوہے ،پہیلیاں، گیت وغیرہ میں طبع آزمائی کی۔ غزل میں پانچ دیوان یادگارچھوڑے۔ انہیں دیوانوں کو سامنے رکھ کر اقبال صلاح الدین نے خسرو کی غزلوں کی ایک ضخیم کلیات ترتیب دی ہے جو چار جلدوں پر مششتمل ہے۔زیر نظر جلد دوم ہے۔
Abul Hasan Yaminuddin, better known as Amir Khusrau (1252-1325) after being decorated with the title of Emir by one of his patrons, had the unique distinction of being a soldier, courtier, sufi, poet, litterateur, and music maestro. Although the details of his life and works remain uncertain to a considerable extent, we have much that help us construct his figure in various avatars that he richly represented. It has been generally agreed upon that after suffering the onslaughts of Chengez Khan, his father, a Turk chieftain, migrated to India during the reign of Shamsuddin Altamsh who gave him a high position in his army. Khusrau was born in Patiali in Etah district of Uttar Pradesh where his father had settled. While he was still eight years old, his father was killed in an army action after which his mother brought him to Delhi to live with his maternal grandfather who also passed away when he was only twenty years old. An extremely intelligent and resourceful person who honed many skills of poetry and courtly manners, he did not find it difficult to seek his source of sustenance when he was left on his own to do so. Khusrau had a unique distinction of serving with many princes, chiefs, and emperors like Malik Alauddin Kashlu Khan alias Malik Chhajju, Bughra Khan, Khan Mohammad, Sardar Hatim Khan, Kaikobad, Jalaluddin Firoze Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Gheyasuddin Tughlaq and Mohammad Tughlaq. Even while he held high positions in several courts, he remained a devoted disciple of Hazrat Nizamuddin from whom he sought his spiritual strength, and at whose feet he lies buried.
Khusrau was a very prolific author and poet of rare distinction. He is widely respected as a Persian, Hindavi, and Rekhta poet who evolved a unique diction and an inimitable language, beyond the apbhransha, for his literary expression. He assigned a new role to human speech which is evident from the astounding variety of nearly a hundred works he produced in poetry and prose that broadly include several divans, mathnawis, treatises, and other compositions. Even though the number of his works cannot be ascertained for sure, nor can the authenticity of works ascribed to him be determined with any confidence, he remains an iconic poet on account of the works available from different sources. Moving beyond literature, Khusrau also made his contribution to music. He created ragas, developed khayal, tarana, qaul, and qawwali, as also invented tabla and sitar, the two instruments that clearly distinguish and characterise Indian music from others. Khusrau is extremely remarkable for defining the various forms and genres of literature and arts as the domains where the sublime and the plebeian could meet together and complement each other. He wrote on a variety of subjects that include patriotism, liberalism, integration, folk life, and the catholic values of living that emerge with a fine blending of social norms and cultural practices, as well as dialects and dictions.
Jashn-e-Rekhta | 13-14-15 December 2024 - Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium , Gate No. 1, New Delhi
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